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21.
Precipitation runoff is a critical hillslope hydrological process for downslope streamflow and piedmont/floodplain recharge. Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment is strategically located in the central foothill region of Taihang Mountains, where runoff is crucial for water availability in the piedmont corridors and floodplains of north China. This study analyzes precipitation‐runoff processes in the Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment for 2006–2008 using locally designed runoff collection systems. The study shows that slope length is a critical factor, next only to precipitation, in terms of runoff yield. Regression analysis also shows that runoff is related positively to precipitation, and negatively to slope length. Soil mantle in the study area is generally thin and is therefore not as critical a runoff factor as slope length. The study shows a significant difference between overland and subsurface runoff. However, that between the 0–10 and 10–20 cm subsurfaces is insignificant. Runoff hardly occurs under light rains (<10 mm), but is clearly noticeable under moderate‐to‐rainstorm events. In the hillslope catchment, vertical infiltration (accounting for 42–84% of the precipitation) dominates runoff processes in subsurface soils and weathered granite gneiss bedrock. A weak lateral flow (at even the soil/bedrock interface) and the generally small runoff suggest strong infiltration loss via deep percolation. This is critical for groundwater recharge in the downslope piedmont corridors and floodplains. This may enhance water availability, ease water shortage, avert further environmental degradation, and reduce the risk of drought/flood in the event of extreme weather conditions in the catchment and the wider north China Plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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青岛榴辉岩及胶南群片麻岩的锆石U-Pb 年龄——胶南群中晋宁期岩浆事件的证据 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
研究表明,苏鲁地体是扬子与华北陆-陆碰撞造山带的一部分(东段)。其主要变质岩系——胶南群,是扬子陆块北缘俯冲陆壳的基底。在已有的文献中,人们均将胶南群划为早、中元古代地体。组成胶南群的主要岩石是长英质片麻岩,在其中间包含有少量斜长角闪岩、大理岩、超镁铁岩和榴辉岩。大量的Sm-Nd 及 40Ar/39Ar 同位素定年已证明了,胶南群在三叠纪时,经历了与华北和扬子陆块碰撞有关的高压或超高压变质作用,原岩的时代缺乏可靠的年龄测定,被认为是早、中元古代岩石。然而最近我们对青岛附近仰口的退变质榴辉岩及胶南群片麻岩的 相似文献
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康定片麻岩岩石化学特征的初步研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
川西地区康定片麻岩(原称澄江—晋宁期岩浆岩第Ⅳ期的酸性岩)的主体是富钠质的英云闪长质-奥长花岗质片麻岩(灰色片麻岩);尚有少量花岗质片麻岩,系灰色片麻岩遭受钾质交代而成。其岩石化学特征与太古代花岗地体一致.灰色片麻岩属低铝型,以相对富铁和不具Eu异常为特征。它与川滇交界区晚太古代垭口片麻岩等一起构成川西滇中地区的片麻岩基底. 相似文献
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本文提出了冀东黑云母片麻岩—H2O系统在0.1一0.2GPa压力下熔融买验的相关系。其固相线温度分別为0.1GPa时762℃,0.2GPa时712℃。黑云母消失的温度分別为0.1GPa时787℃,0.2GPa时737℃,石英消失的温度分别为0.1GPa时837.℃,0.2GPa时787.℃。采用Burn-ham模型计算的在液相线温度下岩浆饱和水的含量分別为0.1GPa时3.8%与0.2GPa时5.8%。根据实验结果以及早前寒武纪时冀东陆壳的古地温可知,该区早前寒武纪角阿岩相岩石分布的地区广泛出现的混合岩化作用应主要归因于陆壳岩石(黑云母片麻岩等)的局部熔融作用。由实验结果以及现代冀东陆壳的地温可推知,壳内低速层可能不是由岩石局部熔融所引起,而是由岩石中含有隙间水流体引起。 相似文献
27.
大别山北部红刚玉矿产在太古代大别山群黑云角门外长片麻岩以及超基性岩中。赋存红刚玉的刚玉黑云二长片麻岩的原始岩石为富铝泥质岩,在角门岩相变质条件下,通过两种脱硅方式,即变质分异作用和超基性岩侵位,形成刚玉黑云二长片麻岩。它们形成的温压条件:T=500℃~700℃,P=0.4~0.7GPa。刚玉形成的可能的化学机制是白云母在缺硅条件下的分解。 相似文献
28.
吉林省太古宙TTG岩类型成于变质上壳岩系麻粒岩相变质作用晚期阶段。详细的岩相学研究表明,TTG岩类中存在岩浆结晶的绿帘石,角闪石和黑云母等。绿帘石的出现标志了一定的压条件。 相似文献
29.
Cosmas Kongnyuy Shang Muharrem Satir Emmanuel Nkonguin Nsifa Jean-Paul Liégeois Wolfgang Siebel Heiner Taubald 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(5):817-841
We present a geochemical and isotopic study that, consistent with observed field relations, suggest Sangmelima late Archaean
high-K granite was derived by partial melting of older Archaean TTG. The TTG formations are sodic-trondhjemitic, showing calcic
and calc-alkalic trends and are metaluminous to peraluminous. High-K granites in contrast show a potassic calc-alkaline affinity
that spans the calcic, calc-alkalic, alkali-calcic and alkalic compositions. The two rock groups (TTG and high-K granites)
on the other hand are both ferroan and magnesian. They have a similar degree of fractionation for LREE but a different one
for HREE. Nd model ages and Sr/Y ratios define Mesoarchaean and slab-mantle derived magma compositions respectively, with
Nb and Ti anomalies indicating a subduction setting for the TTG. Major and trace element in addition to Sr and Nd isotopic
compositions support field observations that indicate the derivation of the high-K granitic group from the partial melting
of the older TTG equivalent at depth. Geochemical characteristics of the high-K granitic group are therefore inherited features
from the TTG protolith and cannot be used for determining their tectonic setting. The heat budget required for TTG partial
melting is ascribed to the upwelling of the mantle marked by a doleritic event of identical age as the generated high-K granite
melts. The cause of this upwelling is related to linear delamination along mega-shear zones in an intracontinental setting. 相似文献
30.